X射线衍射和电子探针技术在矿物药雄黄鉴定及质量评价中的应用     

汪寅夫  李清  刘琦  迟广成  伍月  胡建飞 《岩矿测试》2014,33(5):706-713

雄黄是我国常用的矿物类中药,由于晶体空间结构不同,可分为α雄黄(AsS)和β雄黄(As4S4)。雄黄受氧化作用会产生剧毒物质砒霜(As2O3),其中β雄黄因空间结构关系更易被氧化,因此对矿物药雄黄的成分鉴定和质量评价具有重要的意义。常用的分析雄黄中砷及其他元素的方法(原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、高效液相色谱-质谱法等)是通过测定总砷、价态砷和其他相关元素实现对雄黄的鉴别和有害成分的检测,分析过程复杂,试剂消耗大,需对样品进行破坏,而且不能直接对矿物结构进行判定。本文采用薄片鉴定、X射线衍射和电子探针对来自代表性生产地贵州思南和湖南石门的6种药用雄黄样品进行鉴别和质量评价。首先通过薄片鉴定初步确定雄黄样品的主要成分及伴生矿物,进一步利用X射线粉晶衍射和电子探针技术对雄黄的主要成分、伴生矿物进行半定量分析,再利用电子探针研究雄黄中As、S、O等元素的赋存状态,在这些技术综合鉴定的基础上,对收集的雄黄进行质量评价。分析结果显示:产自贵州思南的1号矿药由石英(82.8%)、方解石(9.5%)和白云石(7.7%)组成,2号矿药由α雄黄(64.7%)和石英(35.3%)组成;产自湖南石门的6号矿药由β雄黄(86.5%)和电气石(13.5%)组成,3号和4号矿药由α雄黄单矿物组成,5号矿药由β雄黄单矿物组成,3号、4号和5号三个样品中As含量大于70%,符合药典规定;电子探针分析样品中均未检测到砒霜,总体上表明湖南产的雄黄品质较高。研究表明,X射线粉晶衍射法利用了衍射图谱与晶体结构的一一对应性,找到不同矿物药样品的专属特性,而对于多组分矿物药样品,只要混合组分恒定,其衍射图谱就相对稳定,具有指纹特征;电子探针利用As、O等元素的赋存状态,可以有效地对雄黄的质量进行评价。X射线衍射和电子探针技术的结合用于鉴定雄黄矿物药是一种极为有效、可行的办法,与传统方法相比更为快速、经济。  相似文献   

Parameters of the intense X-ray and gamma-ray radiation from the solar flare of May 20, 2002, as observed from the Coronas-F spacecraft     

A. V. Bogomolov  A. P. Ignat’ev  K. Kudela  S. N. Kuznetsov  Yu. I. Logachev  O. V. Morozov  I. N. Myagkova  S. N. Oparin  A. A. Pertsov  S. I. Svertilov  B. Yu. Yushkov 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(3):199-204

We consider temporal, spectral, and polarization parameters of the hard X-ray and gamma-ray radiation observed during the solar flare of May 20, 2002, in the course of experiments with the SONG and SPR-N instruments onboard the Coronas-F spacecraft. This flare is one of the most intense gamma-ray events among all of the bursts of solar hard electromagnetic radiation detected since the beginning of the Coronas-F operation (since July 31, 2001) and one of the few gamma-ray events observed during solar cycle 23. A simultaneous analysis of the Coronas-F and GOES data on solar thermal X-ray radiation suggests that, apart from heating due to currents of matter in the the flare region, impulsive heating due to the injection of energetic electrons took place during the near-limb flare S21E65 of May 20, 2002. These electrons produced intense hard X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. The spectrum of this radiation extends up to energies ≥7 MeV. Intense gamma-ray lines are virtually unobservable against the background of the nonthermal continuum. The polarization of the hard X-ray (20–100 keV) radiation was estimated to be ≤15–20%. No significant increase in the flux of energetic protons from the flare under consideration was found. At the same time, according to ACE data, the fluxes of energetic electrons in interplanetary space increased shortly (～25 min) after the flare.  相似文献   

Free radical scavenging abilities of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩志武  初晓  刘成娟  王跃军  孙谧  王春波 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(3):325-328

1 INTRODUCTION Active oxygen free radicals can damage cell structure, even kill the cells, causing aging and cer- tain serious diseases (Bors et al., 1989). Usually, the production and scavenging of active oxygen free radicals are in balance in healthy hu…  相似文献   

GPS实时监测和预报电离层电子含量   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

金双根  J.WANG  章红平  朱文耀 《天文学报》2004,45(2):213-219

GPS能高精度地实时监测电离层总电子含量(TEC)变化，对纠正单频GPS接收机电离层延迟和监测电离层活动及其所反映的太阳活动规律具有重要意义．上海地区GPS综合应用网的建立，为监测长江三角洲地区电离层变化提供了宝贵的资料，利用这些双频GPS接收机的连续观测资料，可近实时地监测和预报该地区电离层总电子含量，其内外符精度和外推预报30分钟的精度均优于0.4m．  相似文献   

扫描电镜分析各类微体化石样品最佳镀膜的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张素新  严春杰 《地质科技情报》1998,17(4):98-100

根据多年的工作经验和试验对比,总结出了非导电微体化石－放射虫,硅藻,竹节石,有孔虫,介形虫,轮藻,牙形石,海绵骨针等的最佳镀膜方法和最佳镀膜厚度。  相似文献   

实验变形煤结构演化的电子顺磁共振研究     

姜波  秦勇 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(4)

通过１４件高温高压实验样品及其原样的电子顺磁共振研究,论述了温度、压力、应力、应变速率和应变强度等是影响变形煤化学结构演化的重要因素,但在不同的煤级中和不同的实验条件下,各因素所起的作用是不同的。变形煤ＥＰＲ参数的演化与镜质组反射率的变化密切相关,并且具有较好的规律性。说明镜质组反射率是煤化学结构演化的外在反映,是煤田构造研究中极为重要的标志物之一。  相似文献   

山西保德—静乐地区新近纪地层时代讨论     

朱大岗  孟宪刚  邵兆刚  雷伟志  王津  韩建恩  余佳  吕荣平  王艳 《地质通报》2008,27(4):510-516

通过对山西保德-静乐地区新近纪地层的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于该区的新近纪地层进行了详细的研究和划分,获得了新的ESR和古地磁测年数据,并结合生物地层序列确定了该区新近系地层的顺序为：新近系上新统静乐组（N2j）、新近系中新统上部保德组（N1^26）和中新统下部芦子沟组（N1^1l）。  相似文献   

电离层电子浓度总含量梯度对GPS差分定位精度的影响     

徐于月  黄张裕  陈苏娟 《测绘工程》2008,17(2):30-33

针对GPS定位测量的信号传播路径误差,分析了电离层电子浓度总含量梯度对差分定位精度的影响,利用L1载波重点讨论了1999年-2000年太阳活动期间低纬度赤道异常地区GPS差分定位精度的问题,同时验证对于长基线采用GPS广域差分技术可以使电离层定位误差得到明显提高。  相似文献   

Application of Atomic Force Microscopy to Observation of Marine Bacteria   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tomohiko Nishino  Eiko Ikemoto  Kazuhiro Kogure 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):219-225

The atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a recently developed, bench-top instrument that can image the surface structures of biological specimens at high resolution with simultaneous measurement of their size. This paper describes the application of AFM to marine bacteria. Both natural and cultured bacteria were retained on a filter or placed on glass, washed, air-dried and observed by AFM. The instrumental condition, the choice of suitable filter, effect of fixation and filtration, comparison with epifluorescent microscopic (EFM) count, and the size and shape of bacterial cells were investigated. An Isopore filter was best for concentration and subsequent observation because of its surface flatness. Cross section images showed that both rod and coccoid cells were flattened, the former usually having a two-humped shape. Bacterial cells were differentiated from non-living particles based on their cross section shape and size. Bacterial counts by AFM and EFM showed good agreement. Although size measurement is easily done by the instrument, AFM tends to overestimate the size of microspheres. More work is thus needed on the size measurement of living organisms. Because AFM easily provides images of natural bacterial cells at high magnification, it can be used as a new tool to study the fine structures of marine bacteria. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

太阳活动高峰年山东区域电离层时空变化研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

史坤朋  郭金运  董正华  周长志 《测绘科学》2017,(12):32-38

2012年为太阳活动高峰年份,为了研究太阳活动高年区域电离层的变化特征,该文选取了山东区域内的SDCORS站点,构建了山东区域垂直电子含量(VTEC)球谐格网模型,对该年山东区域电离层时空变化规律进行分析。实验研究表明,在空间变化上山东区域电离层表现出较强的纬度相关性,出现了明显的分层现象。同时给出了山东电离层在时间上呈现出的时段变化、日变化、月变化、季节变化,发现VTEC受太阳活动影响较大,除了存在明显的单峰和双峰结构外,该年还发生了半年度异常现象。  相似文献